Die Erstellung eines Programms mit grafischer Oberfläche ist mit den richtigen Werkzeugen nicht schwer. Nach kurzer Zeit soll die Oberfläche dann noch einfach zu bedienen sein und es sollen zusätzlich die Tastaturbefehle genutzt werden können.
An dieser Stelle verzweifeln manche Programmierer, da das Programm nicht auf die Tastaturbefehle reagiert oder eine Reaktion zeigt, mit der der Programmierer nicht gerechnet hat.
Ein Grund dafür kann in der Tatsache liegen, dass viele Java Komponenten auf bereits „eingebaute“ Tastaturbefehle reagieren und daher die von Euch gewünschten Befehle nicht mehr ausführen (Grund: der eingebaute Befehl wird abgearbeitet und dann gelöscht).
Daher ist es enorm hilfreich, diese schon vorhandenen Tastaturbefehle zu kennen. Hier hilft ein kleines Programm von Rob Camick weiter, der das Programm auf seiner Webseite https://tips4java.wordpress.com/2008/10/10/key-bindings/ erläutert.
Ihr wählt ganz einfach die gewünschte Komponente aus und in der Tabelle unten seht Ihr alle vordefinierten Key Bindings:
Hier der Quellcode des Programms – bitte beachtet das Copyright von Rob Camick:
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/* * Herkunft/Origin: http://java-crypto.bplaced.net/ * Originale Herkunft/Real Origin: https://tips4java.wordpress.com/2008/10/10/key-bindings/ * Originaler Quellcode/Real Origin sourcecode: http://www.camick.com/java/source/KeyBindings.java * Programmierer/Programmer: Rob Camick * Copyright/Copyright: frei verwendbares Programm (Public Domain) * Copyright: This is free and unencumbered software released into the public domain. * Lizenttext/Licence: <http://unlicense.org> * getestet mit/tested with: Java Runtime Environment 11.0.5 x64 * verwendete IDE/used IDE: intelliJ IDEA 2019.3.1 * Datum/Date (dd.mm.jjjj): 19.01.2020 * Funktion: A 20 Key Bindings = * zeigt die vordefinierten Tastaturbefehle von Java Komponenten an * Function: A 20 Key Bindings = * shows the predefined keyboarding of Java components * */ import java.awt.*; import java.awt.event.*; import java.io.*; import java.util.*; import javax.swing.*; import javax.swing.border.*; import javax.swing.table.*; import javax.swing.filechooser.*; public class KeyBindings implements ItemListener { private static final String PACKAGE = "javax.swing."; private static final String[] COLUMN_NAMES = {"Action", "When Focused", "When In Focused Window", "When Ancestor"}; private static String selectedItem; private JComponent contentPane; private JMenuBar menuBar; private JTable table; private JComboBox comboBox; private Hashtable<String, DefaultTableModel> models; /* * Constructor */ public KeyBindings() { models = new Hashtable<String, DefaultTableModel>(); contentPane = new JPanel( new BorderLayout() ); contentPane.add(buildNorthComponent(), BorderLayout.NORTH); contentPane.add(buildCenterComponent(), BorderLayout.CENTER); resetComponents(); } /* * The content pane should be added to a high level container */ public JComponent getContentPane() { return contentPane; } /* * A menu can also be added which provides the ability to switch * between different LAF's. */ public JMenuBar getMenuBar() { if (menuBar == null) menuBar = createMenuBar(); return menuBar; } /* * This panel is added to the North of the content pane */ private JComponent buildNorthComponent() { comboBox = new JComboBox(); JLabel label = new JLabel("Select Component:"); label.setDisplayedMnemonic('S'); label.setLabelFor( comboBox ); JPanel panel = new JPanel(); panel.setBorder( new EmptyBorder(15, 0, 15, 0) ); panel.add( label ); panel.add( comboBox ); return panel; } /* * Check the key name to see if it is the UI property */ private String checkForUIKey(String key) { if (key.endsWith("UI") && key.indexOf(".") == -1) { String componentName = key.substring(0, key.length() - 2); // Ignore these components if (componentName.equals("PopupMenuSeparator") || componentName.equals("ToolBarSeparator") || componentName.equals("DesktopIcon")) return null; else return componentName; } return null; } /* ** Build the emtpy table to be added in the Center */ private JComponent buildCenterComponent() { DefaultTableModel model = new DefaultTableModel(COLUMN_NAMES, 0); table = new JTable(model) { public boolean isCellEditable(int row, int column) { return false; } }; table.setAutoCreateColumnsFromModel( false ); table.getColumnModel().getColumn(0).setPreferredWidth(200); table.getColumnModel().getColumn(1).setPreferredWidth(200); table.getColumnModel().getColumn(2).setPreferredWidth(200); table.getColumnModel().getColumn(3).setPreferredWidth(200); Dimension d = table.getPreferredSize(); d.height = 350; table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize( d ); table.getTableHeader().setFocusable( true ); return new JScrollPane( table ); } /* * When the LAF is changed we need to reset all the items */ public void resetComponents() { models.clear(); ((DefaultTableModel)table.getModel()).setRowCount(0); // buildItemsMap(); Vector<String> comboBoxItems = new Vector<String>(50); UIDefaults defaults = UIManager.getLookAndFeelDefaults(); // All Swing components will have a UI property. for (Object key : defaults.keySet()) { String componentName = checkForUIKey( key.toString() ); if (componentName != null) { comboBoxItems.add( componentName ); } } Collections.sort( comboBoxItems ); comboBox.removeItemListener( this ); comboBox.setModel( new DefaultComboBoxModel( comboBoxItems ) ); comboBox.setSelectedIndex(-1); comboBox.addItemListener( this ); comboBox.requestFocusInWindow(); if (selectedItem != null) comboBox.setSelectedItem(selectedItem); } /** * Create menu bar */ private JMenuBar createMenuBar() { JMenuBar menuBar = new JMenuBar(); menuBar.add( createFileMenu() ); menuBar.add( createLAFMenu() ); return menuBar; } /** * Create menu items for the Application menu */ private JMenu createFileMenu() { JMenu menu = new JMenu("Application"); menu.setMnemonic('A'); menu.addSeparator(); menu.add( new ExitAction() ); return menu; } /** * Create menu items for the Look & Feel menu */ private JMenu createLAFMenu() { ButtonGroup bg = new ButtonGroup(); JMenu menu = new JMenu("Look & Feel"); menu.setMnemonic('L'); String lafId = UIManager.getLookAndFeel().getID(); UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] lafInfo = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels(); for (int i = 0; i < lafInfo.length; i++) { String laf = lafInfo[i].getClassName(); String name= lafInfo[i].getName(); Action action = new ChangeLookAndFeelAction(laf, name); JRadioButtonMenuItem mi = new JRadioButtonMenuItem( action ); menu.add( mi ); bg.add( mi ); if (name.equals(lafId)) { mi.setSelected(true); } } return menu; } /* * Implement the ItemListener interface */ public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e) { String componentName = (String)e.getItem(); changeTableModel( getClassName(componentName) ); selectedItem = componentName; } /* * Use the component name to build the class name */ private String getClassName(String componentName) { // The table header is in a child package if (componentName.equals("TableHeader")) return PACKAGE + "table.JTableHeader"; else return PACKAGE + "J" + componentName; } /* * Change the TabelModel in the table for the selected component */ private void changeTableModel(String className) { // Check if we have already built the table model for this component DefaultTableModel model = models.get( className ); if (model != null) { table.setModel( model ); return; } // Create an empty table to start with model = new DefaultTableModel(COLUMN_NAMES, 0); table.setModel( model ); models.put(className, model); // Create an instance of the component so we can get the default // Action map and Input maps JComponent component = null; try { // Hack so I don't have to sign the jar file for usage in // Java Webstart if (className.endsWith("JFileChooser")) { component = new JFileChooser( new DummyFileSystemView() ); } else { Object o = Class.forName(className).newInstance(); component = (JComponent)o; } } catch(Exception e) { Object[] row = {e.toString(), "", "", ""}; model.addRow( row ); return; } // Not all components have Actions defined ActionMap actionMap = component.getActionMap(); Object[] keys = actionMap.allKeys(); if (keys == null) { Object[] row = {"No actions found", "", "", ""}; model.addRow( row ); return; } // In some ActionMaps a key of type Object is found (I have no idea why) // which causes a ClassCastExcption when sorting so we will ignore it // by converting that entry to the empty string for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { Object key = keys[i]; if (key instanceof String) continue; else keys[i] = ""; } Arrays.sort( keys ); // Create a new row in the model for every Action found for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { Object key = keys[i]; if (key != "") { Object[] row = {key, "", "", ""}; model.addRow( row ); } } // Now check each InputMap to see if a KeyStroke is bound the the Action updateModelForInputMap(model, 1, component.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_FOCUSED)); updateModelForInputMap(model, 2, component.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_IN_FOCUSED_WINDOW)); updateModelForInputMap(model, 3, component.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT)); } /* * The model is potentially update for each of the 3 different InputMaps */ private void updateModelForInputMap(TableModel model, int column, InputMap inputMap) { if (inputMap == null) return; KeyStroke[] keys = inputMap.allKeys(); if (keys == null) return; // The InputMap is keyed by KeyStroke, however we want to be able to // access the action names that are bound to a KeyStroke so we will create // a Hashtble that is keyed by action name. // Note that multiple KeyStrokes can be bound to the same action name. Hashtable<Object, String> actions = new Hashtable<Object, String>(keys.length); for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) { KeyStroke key = keys[i]; Object actionName = inputMap.get( key ); Object value = actions.get( actionName ); if (value == null) { actions.put(actionName, key.toString().replace("pressed ", "")); } else { actions.put(actionName, value + ", " + key.toString().replace("pressed ", "")); } } // Now we can update the model for those actions that have // KeyStrokes mapped to them for (int i = 0; i < model.getRowCount(); i++) { String o = actions.get(model.getValueAt(i, 0)); if (o != null) { model.setValueAt(o.toString(), i, column); } } } /* * Change the LAF and recreate the UIManagerDefaults so that the properties * of the new LAF are correctly displayed. */ class ChangeLookAndFeelAction extends AbstractAction { private String laf; protected ChangeLookAndFeelAction(String laf, String name) { this.laf = laf; putValue(Action.NAME, name); putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, getValue(Action.NAME)); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { try { JMenuItem mi = (JMenuItem)e.getSource(); JPopupMenu popup = (JPopupMenu)mi.getParent(); JRootPane rootPane = SwingUtilities.getRootPane(popup.getInvoker()); Component c = rootPane.getContentPane().getComponent(0); rootPane.getContentPane().remove(c); UIManager.setLookAndFeel(laf); KeyBindings bindings = new KeyBindings(); rootPane.getContentPane().add( bindings.getContentPane() ); SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI( rootPane ); rootPane.requestFocusInWindow(); } catch (Exception ex) { System.out.println("Failed loading L&F: " + laf); System.out.println(ex); } } } /* * Close the frame */ class ExitAction extends AbstractAction { public ExitAction() { putValue(Action.NAME, "Exit"); putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, getValue(Action.NAME)); putValue(Action.MNEMONIC_KEY, new Integer(KeyEvent.VK_X)); } public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { System.exit(0); } } /** * Dummy FileSystemView to get around the Security Exception when trying to * access the File System in Java Webstart. */ class DummyFileSystemView extends FileSystemView { @Override public File createNewFolder(File containingDir) { return null; } @Override public File getDefaultDirectory() { return null; } @Override public File getHomeDirectory() { return null; } } /* * Build a GUI using the content pane and menu bar of KeyBindings */ private static void createAndShowGUI() { KeyBindings application = new KeyBindings(); JFrame.setDefaultLookAndFeelDecorated(true); JFrame frame = new JFrame("A 20 Key Bindings"); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setJMenuBar( application.getMenuBar() ); frame.getContentPane().add(application.getContentPane()); frame.pack(); frame.setLocationRelativeTo( null ); frame.setVisible( true ); } /** * KeyBindings Main. Called only if we're an application, not an applet. */ public static void main(String[] args) { // UIManager.put("swing.boldMetal", Boolean.FALSE); SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { createAndShowGUI(); } }); } } |
Den Quellcode zum Programm findet Ihr zum Download in meinem Github-Repository, welches Ihr über diesen Link erreicht: https://github.com/java-crypto/A-Allgemeine-Programme.
Letzte Aktualisierung: 19.01.202019